摘要:目的全球冠心病(coronary artery heart disease,CHD)发病率居高不下,给公共卫生系统带来了极大的负担和挑战。有效预防和早期诊断CHD成为减轻这一负担的关键策略。本研究致力于探索运用先进的机器学习技术来提高CHD早期筛查和风险评估的准确性。方法纳入美国国家卫生和营养调查(National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,NHANES)数据库1999至2018年49 490名研究对象,将数据集按7꞉3划分为训练集和测试集。以研究对象是否被告知患有CHD为因变量(输出变量),并以此为依据分为CHD组和非CHD组。通过查阅CHD相关危险因素的文献,最终纳入68个自变量。分析研究对象的变量特征,并比较其在CHD组与非CHD组之间差异。采用机器学习算法随机森林(randomForest_4.7-1.1)和XGBoost(xgboost_1.7.7.1)进行变量选择。综合分析这2种算法识别出的重要性排名前10的变量,选取这2个算法共同认定的变量。使用广义线性模型来分析变量与CHD之间的关系,采用经典的逻辑回归构建CHD风险预测模型。使用受试者操作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)评估模型在区分CHD和非CHD个体方面的能力;采用Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验进行校准测量,评估预测值与实际CHD比例之间的一致性;应用决策曲线评估模型风险预测的临床益处;采用诺谟图直观展示最终模型风险评分。结果总人群的年龄为(49.53±18.31)岁,男性占51.8%。与非CHD组相比,CHD组患者的年龄较大[(69.05±11.32)岁 vs (48.67±18.07)岁,P<0.001],女性比例更高(67.1% vs 47.4%,P<0.001),且在体重指数、收缩压、舒张压和吸烟等经典心血管危险因素上的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。此外,CHD组与非CHD组在能量摄入量、维生素E、维生素K、钙、磷、镁、锌、铜、钠、钾、硒等非经典心血管影响因素上的差异也均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。最终确定了6个与CHD发生最相关的关键变量。并构建CHD风险预测模型如下:logit(p)=-7.783+0.074×年龄+0.003×肌酐-0.003×血小板+0.257×糖化血糖蛋白+0.003×尿酸+0.101×红细胞体积分布宽度变异系数。模型在预测CHD方面表现出优异的判别能力,其准确度为0.712,AUC值为0.841。校准曲线显示在训练集和测试集中,预测概率与实际值之间有良好的一致性,表明模型稳定、可靠。决策曲线表明该模型在不同阈值概率范围内提供了净效益,支持其在临床决策中的应用潜力。结论本研究利用机器学习技术识别可能的CHD风险因素,并成功开发了一个简洁且实用的临床预测模型。未来需要进一步前瞻性临床队列研究验证其在临床应用中的潜力,使其能够在实际医疗环境中提供有效的心血管疾病预防和干预策略。
“Researchers have successfully constructed a Toxoplasma gondii RH Δku80Δrop41 strain, which primarily affects the parasite's ability to invade host cells and may be involved in signal transduction and autophagy-related pathways. This study lays a foundation for understanding the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis.”
“Reporting on the latest research in the field of IgA nephropathy, experts have explored the regulatory role of the mTOR signaling pathway in autophagy and mesangial proliferation during renal injury. The study found that inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway enhances renal autophagy, reduces mesangial cell proliferation, and improves renal injury in IgAN.”
“In the field of gastric cancer prognosis, researchers at Xiangya Hospital of Central South University have verified that postoperative PNI is an independent risk factor for all advanced gastric cancer patients. Preoperative PLR is an independent prognostic factor only for female patients, while preoperative AGR is an independent prognostic factor only for male patients. Further research is warranted to investigate the gender-specific differences in gastric cancer prognosis.”
“Reporting on the latest advancements in drug delivery technology, researchers have developed a drug-loaded mucoadhesive silk fibroin microneedle patch that addresses the limitations of traditional methods for treating oral submucous fibrosis. The patch, pre-assembled with silk fibroin nanospheres, sustains the release of triamcinolone, extending the release time from 4 days to 14 days, thereby meeting clinical requirements for sustained drug delivery.”
摘要:目的丘脑血肿患者病情多变,治疗方式也呈现多样化。目前一次性便携式内镜手术在各医院的开展较为迅速,但手术效果差异较大;对于丘脑血肿的清除,多参照基底节出血的手术入路和手术方式,手术效果并不明确。本研究旨在探讨一次性便携式内镜在经顶上小叶清除丘脑血肿中的优势,为手术医师采取合理有效的手术方案处理丘脑血肿提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析在中南大学湘雅三医院进行一次性便携式内镜手术或显微镜手术的丘脑血肿患者的临床资料。比较2组患者的手术时间、血肿清除率、住院时间、术后24 h格拉斯哥昏迷量表(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)评分改善率和肺部感染率。结果与显微镜组比较,一次性便携式内镜组的手术时间短、血肿清除率高、住院时间短、肺部感染率低(均P<0.05);但2组术后24 h GCS评分改善率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论一次性便携式内镜在经顶上小叶清除丘脑血肿手术的应用中,具有手术时间短、手术视野大、血肿清除率高、手术效率高、住院时间短、肺部感染率低等优势,可以作为丘脑血肿患者优先选择的手术治疗方案之一。
摘要:目的原发性冻结肩是一种严重影响患者生活质量的肩关节疾病,关节腔注射是治疗该疾病的常见方式。本研究旨在探究和比较透明质酸钠(sodium hyaluronate,SH)、皮质类固醇(corticosteroids,CS)、自体富血小板血浆(platelet-rich plasma,PRP)对原发性冻结肩的治疗效果。方法回顾性纳入2020年1月1日至2022年12月31日在中南大学湘雅三医院确诊为原发性冻结肩并在B超引导下进行盂肱关节单次注射SH、CS或PRP的117例患者,分为SH组、CS组和PRP组。收集治疗前和治疗1、3、6个月时患者的患肩疼痛视觉模拟量表(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)评分、活动范围、Constant评分和上肢功能障碍(Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand,DASH)评分等临床资料,比较这3种关节腔注射治疗方法对原发性冻结肩的疗效。结果与治疗前相比,SH组、CS组、PRP组在治疗6个月时均能改善肩关节VAS疼痛评分、活动范围、Constant评分和DASH评分(均P<0.05)。与SH组和PRP组相比,CS组在治疗1个月时的VAS疼痛评分、活动范围、Constant评分和DASH评分均更好(均P<0.05),而PRP组在治疗6个月时的VAS疼痛评分、Constant评分和DASH评分均优于SH组和CS组(均P<0.05)。结论B超引导下盂肱关节单次注射SH、CS或PRP均能明显改善原发性冻结肩患者的疼痛程度、活动范围及关节功能。这3种注射治疗方法中,CS可能有更好的早期疗效,而PRP的长期疗效可能更好。
“In the field of sleep quality assessment for kidney transplant recipients, this study introduces its research progress. Expert researchers verified the correlation between sleep quality, fatigue, and depression, which lays a foundation for developing targeted nursing and therapeutic strategies to improve their quality of life.”
“In the field of mental health, a study conducted for psychotherapists introduces its research progress. The self-care workshop significantly enhanced self-care efficacy among participants, with female therapists and those with longer work experience showing greater improvement. This lays a foundation for constructing future self-care education programs tailored to gender and work experience factors.”
摘要:目的现有研究表明,心理治疗师可能会经历继发性创伤(二次创伤)和职业倦怠,并忽略自我照顾。本研究旨在检验自我照顾教育对提高心理治疗师自我照顾效能的效果,并探讨影响心理治疗师自我照顾能力提升的相关因素。方法对159名来自不同行业的心理治疗师开展自我照顾讲座。收集参与者的人口统计学信息和自我照顾能力数据。采用自我护理能力量表(Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale,ESCA)评估心理治疗师听讲座前后的自我照顾能力水平。结果讲座结束后,参与者的ESCA总分与各维度得分均显著提高(均P<0.001)。其中,ESCA总分的提高程度在性别和工作年限维度的差异有统计学意义,具体来说,女性治疗师的分数提高程度显著大于男性治疗师(t=2.069,P=0.040),工作年限较长的治疗师分数提高程度显著大于工作年限较短的治疗师(F=2.537,P=0.042)。结论为心理治疗师提供自我照顾教育十分必要。在未来为心理治疗师规划自我照顾教育或其他干预措施时,应考虑性别和工作年限因素,以帮助他们更好地提高自我照顾水平。
“Critical care medicine, which addresses severe conditions like sepsis and acute pancreatitis, has made significant strides in recent years, particularly in its integration with immunology-based fields. This paper overviews the cross-disciplinary fusion between critical care medicine and immunology, exploring how these fields mutually enhance each other. Expert analysis suggests China could become a global leader in this area within the next 5 to 10 years.”
摘要:去泛素化酶含OTU结构域蛋白3(OTU domain-containing protein 3,OTUD3)是非常重要的去泛素化酶,在多种疾病模型中存在明显的表达差异。在不同细胞中,OTUD3参与调控凋亡、炎症反应、细胞周期、增殖和侵袭等生物学功能。OTUD3通过调节多种关键底物蛋白的去泛素化,在先天性抗病毒免疫、神经发育、神经系统退行性疾病、肿瘤等生理和病理过程中发挥重要作用。OTUD3在乳腺癌、食管癌、结肠癌、甲状腺乳头状癌中发挥抑癌作用,但在肝癌和肺癌中发挥促癌作用。作为恶性肿瘤的生物标志物,OTUD3在预测、诊断和判断预后方面起重要作用。OTUD3在大部分疾病中的相关分子机制研究仍不够深入,研究OTUD3的调控机制对于深入了解其在免疫和疾病中的作用至关重要,以OTUD3为靶标的药物研发将是今后的研究重点。
“Reporting on the latest advancements in the fight against chronic kidney disease, a comprehensive overview of renal fibrosis pathogenesis and current anti-fibrotic therapies has been presented. This research provides new theoretical foundations and perspectives for the treatment of renal fibrosis, which could potentially open up a new direction for research in this field.”
“Reporting on the latest medical breakthrough, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University has made significant strides in understanding and treating MTHFR deficiency, a rare genetic disorder. Expert researchers have established a novel approach to diagnosing and managing severe hyperhomocysteinemia, which provides a new direction for research and treatment in this field.”