“In recent years, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors have become key regulators of bone metabolism and remodeling, crucial for maintaining healthy bone mass throughout life. Studies have shown that adult growth hormone deficiency leads to alterations in bone remodeling, significantly affecting bone microarchitecture and increasing fracture risk. Although recombinant human growth hormone replacement therapy can mitigate these adverse effects, improving bone density, and reduce fracture risk, its effectiveness in treating osteoporosis, especially in adults with established growth hormone deficiency, seems limited. Bisphosphonates inhibit bone resorption by targeting farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase in osteoclasts, and clinical trials have confirmed their efficacy in improving osteoporosis. Therefore, for adult growth hormone deficiency patients with osteoporosis, the use of bisphosphonates alongside growth hormone replacement therapy is recommended.Rewriting according to the requirements:In the field of bone metabolism and remodeling, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors play a crucial role in maintaining healthy bone mass throughout life. However, adult growth hormone deficiency can lead to significant changes in bone remodeling, affecting bone microarchitecture and increasing fracture risk. While recombinant human growth hormone replacement therapy can improve bone density and reduce fracture risk, its effectiveness in treating osteoporosis in adults with established growth hormone deficiency is limited. Bisphosphonates, which inhibit bone resorption by targeting farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase in osteoclasts, have been shown to be effective in improving osteoporosis in clinical trials. Therefore, it is recommended that adult growth hormone deficiency patients with osteoporosis use bisphosphonates in conjunction with growth hormone replacement therapy.”
摘要:报告1例青少年起病的成人型糖尿病(maturity-onset diabetes of the young,MODY)3型(MODY3)合并5型(MODY5)患者的临床特征、诊断及治疗,并复习相关文献。利用MODY(1~14型)基因外显子二代测序和Sanger测序验证MODY患者及其母亲,结合临床表型及基因检测结果,该患者诊断为MODY3合并MODY5,给予胰岛素及利格列汀治疗,观察血糖变化。临床医师应提高对MODY临床表型的认识,对于合并先天性胰腺和肾脏发育不全、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高,无自发酮症、胰岛素分泌缺陷,胰岛自身抗体阴性,无明显胰岛素抵抗,非肥胖的青少年糖尿病患者应行基因检测以筛查MODY,精准诊断并予以个体化治疗将有助于血糖水平达标及改善生活质量,并指导优化生育。
“New research reveals that maresin 1 (MaR1), an anti-inflammatory lipid mediator, can reduce neuroinflammation and improve cognitive impairment caused by sepsis. Mice treated with MaR1 showed reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines and improved survival rates. The study also found that MaR1 promotes the alternative activation of microglia in the hippocampus, which is beneficial for cognitive function.”
摘要:目的血清游离轻链(free light chain,FLC)在多种疾病中表达异常,但其在肺癌中的表达尚不清楚,本研究旨在探讨血清FLC在肺癌中的表达及诊断价值。方法选取2021年1至12月湖南师范大学附属湘东医院收治的80例肺癌患者作为肺癌组,另选取同时期的80例健康体检人员作为对照组。收集所有参与者的一般资料、血清κFLC和λFLC水平;收集肺癌组患者住院期间的相关临床指标[血清癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)、细胞角蛋白-19片段抗原(cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1,CYFRA21-1)水平,以及肿瘤直径、组织学分型、TNM分期、是否有淋巴结转移]。比较肺癌组和对照组血清FLC[κFLC、λFLC、FLC(κ+λ)]的表达水平。将80例肺癌患者按性别、年龄、吸烟史、肿瘤直径、TNM分期、组织学分型、淋巴结转移进行分组,比较组间血清κFLC、λFLC表达水平的差异。采用受试者操作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价血清FLC水平单独及联合其他指标在肺癌中的诊断价值。结果肺癌组血清FLC(κ+λ)、κFLC表达水平均显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001);而2组间血清λFLC表达水平的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同肿瘤直径、组织学分型、TNM分期的肺癌血清κFLC表达水平差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);但是,有淋巴结转移的肺癌患者血清κFLC水平高于无淋巴结转移的肺癌患者,且差异有统计学意义(P=0.033)。不同肿瘤直径、组织学分型肺癌患者的血清λFLC表达水平差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);但是,TNM分期III期+IV期、有淋巴结转移的肺癌患者血清λFLC表达水平分别高于TNM分期I期+II期、无淋巴结转移的肺癌患者,差异均有统计学意义(分别P=0.033,P=0.019)。κFLC、CEA诊断肺癌的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)差异无统计学意义(P=0.333)。在2项联合诊断肺癌的指标中,κFLC+CYFRA21-1的诊断效能(AUC=0.875)及敏感性(71.3%)最高。κFLC+λFLC+CEA+CYFRA21-1联合诊断肺癌的AUC为0.915(95% CI 0.860~0.953,P<0.001)。结论血清FLC在肺癌中高表达,并且与肺癌的浸润和转移有关。血清FLC尤其是κFLC对肺癌的诊断具有价值,FLC、CEA、CYFRA21-1联合检测的诊断效能最佳。
“Groundbreaking research unveils a genetic link between eczema and an increased risk of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, while no causality is found with other autoimmune diseases.”
“A recent study in Hunan Province reveals that only 21.08% of kidney transplant patients have high medication adherence, with inner strength playing a mediating role between medication literacy and adherence. This finding underscores the need for targeted interventions to enhance medication literacy and bolster patients' inner strength.”
摘要:目的与长期肾脏替代治疗相比,肾移植是治疗终末期肾病(end-stage renal disease,ESRD)最为理想的方法,能够显著延长患者生命,提高患者的生活质量。肾移植患者需要终身规范服用免疫抑制药物,与其他器官移植患者相比,肾移植患者服药依从性差。服药依从性与药物素养、心理状态密切相关,而相关研究较少。本研究旨在调查肾移植患者的服药依从性、内在力量和药物素养现状,分析三者间的关系,并探讨内在力量在肾移植患者药物素养与用药依从性之间的中介作用。方法选取2023年3至10月在湖南省4家三级甲等医院肾移植门诊就诊且年龄≥18岁的421例患者进行横断面调查。分别采用内在力量量表(Inner Strength Scale,ISS)、中文版用药素养评估量表(Chinese version of medication Literacy Assessment in Spanish and English,MedLitRxSE)和中文版Morisky用药依从性量表-8(Chinese version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8,C-MMAS-8)对肾移植患者的内在力量、药物素养和服药依从性进行评估。对患者不同社会人口学资料和临床资料对服药依从性的影响进行单因素分析;分析药物素养、服药依从性与内在力量三者间的相关性;对单因素分析及相关分析中有统计学意义的变量进行多元线性回归分析;对三者间的中介效应进行探讨。结果在回收的421份调查问卷中,408份调查问卷为有效问卷,有效率为96.91%。肾移植患者C-MMAS-8、MedLitRxSE、ISS得分依次为6.64±1.16、100.63±14.67、8.47±4.03。408例患者中仅86例(21.08%)患者服药依从性水平高,230例(56.37%)患者服药依从性为中等水平,92例(22.55%)患者服药依从性水平较低。单因素分析结果显示:年龄、婚姻状况、受教育程度、肾移植手术年限、肾移植术后住院次数及药物不良反应对患者服药依从性的影响均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示:内在力量与药物素养(r=0.183,P<0.001)和服药依从性(r=0.201,P<0.001)呈显著正相关,药物素养与服药依从性也呈正相关(r=0.236,P<0.001)。内在力量在肾移植患者用药素养与用药依从性的中介效应关系中占总效应的13.22%。结论肾移植患者的药物依从性水平有待改善,制订相应的干预措施势在必行。内在力量在肾移植患者药物素养与服药依从性之间起中介效应,医护人员应注重提高肾移植患者药物素养,同时关注患者内在力量,提高肾移植患者的服药依从性。
摘要:目的压力性损伤(pressure injury,PI)患者的非正式照顾者的认知及照顾行为水平暂缺科学性测量工具,本研究拟编制PI患者非正式照顾者知信行量表,并对其进行信效度检验。方法以知信行理论为框架,结合相关文献与专家头脑风暴,拟定量表初始条目池;经过德尔菲专家函询、预调查,形成初始量表。于2023年4至10月便利选取中南大学湘雅三医院住院部及其合作社区、长沙红枫康复医院的PI患者非正式照顾者进行调查,第1次纳入186名、第2次纳入213名进行量表项目分析及信效度检验;间隔3周,随机抽取已调查的20名重测,检验量表的重测信度。结果PI患者非正式照顾者知信行量表共3个维度,19个条目。总量表内部一致性克龙巴赫α系数为0.916,量表所有条目水平的内容效度指数(item level-content validity index,I-CVI)为0.826~1.000,平均量表水平的内容效度指数(scale level-content validity index/average,S-CVI/Ave)为0.94。探索性因子分析提取3个公因子,累计方差贡献率为64.643%。验证性因子分析显示χ2/df=2.54,近似误差的均方根(root mean square error of approximation,RMSEA)=0.085,比较拟合指数(comparative fit index,CFI)=0.920,标准化均方根残差(standardized root mean square residual,SRMR)=0.059,模型与数据整体适配良好。结论PI患者非正式照顾者知信行量表具有较好的信度和效度,可用于非正式照顾者PI知信行水平的评估。
摘要:目的当前急诊科医务人员的职业倦怠发生率高,其职业健康值得关注,医疗机构建立完善的职业健康体系至关重要。本研究旨在了解急诊科医务人员的职业倦怠现状,分析其影响因素,为预防急诊科医务人员职业倦怠提供参考。方法采取便利抽样的方法,通过问卷星平台,于2022年12月至2023年1月对急诊科医务人员进行横断面调查。采用马斯拉克倦怠调查普适(Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey,MBI-GS)量表评价医务人员的职业倦怠水平,采用单因素分析及二元Logistic回归分析探索急诊科医务人员发生职业倦怠的影响因素。结果回收有效问卷1 173份,其中职业倦怠者946人(80.65%),轻中度和重度职业倦怠者的比例分别为73.57%和7.08%。急诊医务人员职业倦怠3个维度得分:情感耗竭(emotional exhaustion,EE)为2.33±0.31;去人格化(depersonalization,DP)为1.88±0.28;低个人成就感(low personal accomplishment,LPA)为3.20±0.39。总均分为2.46±0.22。急诊科医务人员职业倦怠与是否独生子女(OR=1.362,95% CI -0.707~-0.058)、平均每月晚夜班数量(OR=1.167,95% CI 0.091~0.272)、工作中亲身经历过职场暴力事件(OR=1.094,95% CI 0.027~0.195)有关(均P<0.05)。结论急诊科医务人员职业倦怠发生率高,管理者需采取有效的措施及时干预,以降低急诊科医务人员的职业倦怠,保障急诊科医务工作的顺利开展。