黏液纤毛清除系统在呼吸道疾病中的作用

伍迪; 向阳

doi:10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220372

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综述 | 更新时间：2023-03-27

黏液纤毛清除系统在呼吸道疾病中的作用
Role of mucociliary clearance system in respiratory diseases
中南大学学报(医学版) 中南大学学报(医学版) 2023年48卷第2期页码：275-284
作者机构：

中南大学基础医学院生理学系，长沙 410013
作者简介：

伍迪，Email: Doctorwu0724@163.com, ORCID: 0000-0003-1249-9286
向阳，Email: xiangyang@csu.edu.cn, ORCID: 0000-002-7865-2565
基金信息：

湖南省自然科学基金(2020JJ4776);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2022A1515111169)
DOI：10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220372
中图分类号：
CSTR：
纸质出版日期： 2023-02-28 ，

收稿日期： 2022-07-08 ，

伍迪, 向阳. 黏液纤毛清除系统在呼吸道疾病中的作用[J]. 中南大学学报(医学版), 2023, 48(2): 275-284.

WU Di, XIANG Yang. Role of mucociliary clearance system in respiratory diseases[J]. Journal of Central South University. Medical Science, 2023, 48(2): 275-284.
伍迪, 向阳. 黏液纤毛清除系统在呼吸道疾病中的作用[J]. 中南大学学报(医学版), 2023, 48(2): 275-284. DOI：10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220372

WU Di, XIANG Yang. Role of mucociliary clearance system in respiratory diseases[J]. Journal of Central South University. Medical Science, 2023, 48(2): 275-284. DOI：10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220372

摘要

黏液纤毛清除系统是呼吸道重要的防御机制之一，它在气道上皮抵御病原微生物感染及有毒颗粒刺激中发挥重要作用。黏液纤毛清除系统由气道和黏膜下腺上皮细胞介导，通过在气道表面分泌液体、电解质、抗菌和抗炎蛋白以及黏液，在多层防御系统中发挥关键作用。环境的改变、药物或者疾病均能使气道黏液分泌与纤毛运动异常，导致黏液清除速率下降，进一步加重对黏液纤毛清除系统的破坏。黏液纤毛清除系统障碍常见于原发性纤毛功能障碍、囊性肺纤维化、哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病等慢性呼吸系统疾病，表现为杯状细胞化生和黏膜下腺细胞肥大、黏液高分泌、纤毛倒伏粘连和缺失、气道阻塞。

Abstract

Mucociliary clearance system is the primary innate defense mechanism of the lung. It plays a vital role in protecting airways from microbes and irritants infection. Mucociliary clearance system

which is mediated by the actions of airway and submucosal gland epithelial cells

plays a critical role in a multilayered defense system via secreting fluids

electrolytes

antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory proteins

and mucus onto airway surfaces. Changes in environment

drugs or diseases can lead to mucus overproduction and cilia dysfunction

which in turn decrease the rate of mucociliary clearance and enhance mucus gathering. The dysfunction of mucociliary clearance system often occurs in several respiratory diseases

such as primary ciliary dysfunction

cystic fibrosis

asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

which are characterized by goblet cell metaplasia

submucosal gland cell hypertrophy

mucus hypersecretion

cilia adhesion

lodging and loss

and airway obstruction.

关键词

黏液纤毛清除系统原发性纤毛功能障碍囊性纤维化哮喘慢性阻塞性肺疾病

Keywords

mucociliary clearance systemprimary ciliary dysfunctioncystic fibrosisasthmachronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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